125 Cel Fixed Capacitors 2,400+

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Capacitor Type Mounting Feature Capacitance Rated DC Voltage (URdc) Maximum Operating Temperature Dielectric Material Tan Delta Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Leakage Current (mA) Package Shape Polarity Manufacturer Series Height Width Ripple Current (mA) Diameter Multi-layer Equivalent Series Resistance / ESR (mohm ) Additional Features Packing Method Size Code JESD-609 Code Series No. of Terminals Package Style (Meter) Rated AC Voltage (URac) Length Terminal Shape Positive Tolerance Temperature Characteristics Code Reference Standard Negative Tolerance Custom Capabilities Terminal Pitch

LDEIH4100KA5N00

KEMET Corporation

FILM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

1 uF

250 V

125 Cel

POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE

-55 Cel

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

4.6 mm

13.7 mm

TR

6054

2

SMT

120 V

15.5 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

LDEMD2330KA5N00

KEMET Corporation

FILM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.033 uF

400 V

125 Cel

POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE

-55 Cel

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

3.4 mm

5 mm

TR

2220

2

SMT

160 V

6 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

LDEPF3100KA0N00

KEMET Corporation

FILM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.1 uF

630 V

125 Cel

POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE

-55 Cel

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

5.5 mm

7.9 mm

TR

4030

2

SMT

200 V

10.5 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

LDEQG2680KA5N00

KEMET Corporation

FILM CAPACITOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.068 uF

1000 V

125 Cel

POLYETHYLENE NAPHTHALATE

-55 Cel

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

5.5 mm

10.4 mm

TR

5040

2

SMT

250 V

13 mm

WRAPAROUND

10 %

AEC-Q200

10 %

C901U101KVYDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

10 mm

C901U102MZWDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-55/+20%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5U

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U150JUSDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000015 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U200JVSDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.00002 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U200JZSDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.00002 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U220JVSDAAWL20

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U220JVSDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U270JVSDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000027 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U270JVSDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000027 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C907U101KZYDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

7.5 mm

C907U102MZWDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-55/+20%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5U

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C907U152MZVDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0015 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C907U222MZVDAA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C907U471KZYDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.00047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

7 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

7.5 mm

C921U152MUWDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0015 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-55/+20%

MATTE TIN

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5U

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C921U222MUVDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

MATTE TIN

9 mm

5.5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C921U332MZVDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C927U102KZYDAAWL50

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

9 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

7.5 mm

C927U332MZVDAAWL30

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C927U332MZVDAAWL45

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C927U332MZVDAAWL50

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

9 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

9 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C941U102KVYDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

11 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

11 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

10 mm

C941U332MVVDAAWL45

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

11 mm

5.5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

11 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C947U392MZVDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0039 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

11 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

11 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C951U472MUVDAA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

MATTE TIN

12 mm

5.5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

12 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C951U472MUVDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

MATTE TIN

12 mm

5.5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

12 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C951U472MVVDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

MATTE TIN

DISK PACKAGE

12 mm

5.5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y1

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

12 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C961U472MZWDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-55/+20%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

13 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS: X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

440 V

13 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5U

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U101KYYDCAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

10 mm

C901U102MYVDBAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U150JYSDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000015 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U152MYVDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0015 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U180JYSDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000018 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U200JYSDAA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.00002 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U220JYSDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U222MYVDBA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U222MYVDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-80/+30%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5V

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

10 mm

C901U300JYSDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.00003 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U330JYSDCAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000033 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

TIN

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U470JYSDBAWL35

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000047 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C901U510JYSDCA7317

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000051 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

AMMO PACK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

10 mm

C907U101KYYDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.0001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

10%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

10 %

Y5P

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

10 %

7.5 mm

C907U102MYWDAAWL45

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.001 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-55/+20%

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

20 %

Y5U

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

20 %

7.5 mm

C907U220JYSDCAWL40

KEMET Corporation

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

.000022 uF

125 Cel

CERAMIC

-40 Cel

-1000/+350ppm/Cel

Tin (Sn)

DISK PACKAGE

7 mm

5 mm

No

SAFETY CLASS X1/Y2

BULK

e3

2

Radial

400 V

7 mm

WIRE

5 %

SL

CAN; CSA; ENEC; IEC; UL; VDE

5 %

7.5 mm

Fixed Capacitors

Fixed capacitors are electronic components that have a fixed capacitance value that cannot be changed. They are used in electronic circuits to provide a specific capacitance value for a given application.

Fixed capacitors are made using a variety of dielectric materials, including ceramic, tantalum, aluminum electrolytic, polyester, and polypropylene. The choice of dielectric material depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as operating voltage, temperature range, and stability.

Fixed capacitors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as through-hole, surface mount, and leaded types. They can also be classified based on their operating voltage, tolerance, and temperature coefficient.

Some common applications of fixed capacitors include decoupling, filtering, timing, and coupling circuits. In decoupling circuits, fixed capacitors are used to filter out unwanted high-frequency noise and ensure stable power supply operation. In timing circuits, fixed capacitors are used to set the time constant and determine the frequency of oscillation.

One of the main advantages of fixed capacitors is their stable capacitance value, which does not change over time or with changes in operating conditions. This makes them suitable for applications that require consistent and predictable performance.