170 Cel Fixed Resistors 200

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Resistor Type Mounting Type Resistance Rated Power Dissipation (P) Maximum Operating Temperature Tolerance Diameter (Lead) Spacing (Lead) Rated Temperature No. of Functions Technology Shape (Package) No. of Elements Construction Packing Method Size Code Network Type No. of Terminals Package Style (Meter) Terminal Shape Sub-Category Dimensions First Element Resistance Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Length (Lead) Height (Package) Manufacturer Series Operating Voltage Additional Features Length (Package) JESD-609 Code Series Diameter (Package) Reference Standard Width (Package)

Y14880R00500B9W

Vishay Precision Group

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.005 ohm

3 W

170 Cel

.1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

WAFFLE PACK

3637

2

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

15

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

HIGH PRECISION, RATED CURRENT: 38A

e3

WSL12062L200FEK18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0022 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.635 mm

.0332 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12063L000FBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.003 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

150

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0387 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12063L000FEK18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.003 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

150

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.635 mm

.0387 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12064L000FEK18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.004 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

150

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.635 mm

.0447 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12065L000FBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.005 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

110

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.05 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL1206R2000FTA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.2 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

TIN LEAD

.635 mm

.3162 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL20101L500FEK18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0015 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.635 mm

.0387 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL0805R0470DEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.047 ohm

.125 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH

0805

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn)

.406 mm

.0766 V

ANTI-SULFUR

2.03 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

1.27 mm

WSL0805R0470DTG

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.047 ohm

.125 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH

0805

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

TIN LEAD

.406 mm

.0766 V

ANTI-SULFUR

2.03 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.27 mm

WSL0805R2000FTG18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.2 ohm

.25 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH

0805

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

TIN LEAD

.406 mm

.2236 V

ANTI-SULFUR

2.03 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.27 mm

WSL1206R0160FBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.016 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0894 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL2010R0100DBA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

BULK

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0707 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0100DEA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.1 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0100DEK

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

BULK

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.0707 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0100DTA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0707 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0150DEA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.015 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.1225 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0150DEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.015 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.0866 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSLP12068L200FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0082 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.0906 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL36371L500FTA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0015 ohm

3 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

3637

4

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0671 V

ANTI-SULFUR

9.14 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

9.4 mm

WSL12061L000FBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.001 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0224 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12061L000FTA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.001 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

TIN LEAD

.635 mm

.0224 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL12061L200FEK18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0012 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

1206

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL

.635 mm

.0245 V

ANTI-SULFUR

3.2 mm

AEC-Q200

1.6 mm

WSL2010R0100DBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.1 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2010R0100DTA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.1 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL25123L000DBA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.003 ohm

2 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

BULK

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

150

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0775 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL25123L000DEA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.003 ohm

2 W

170 Cel

.5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

150

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.0775 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL0805R0900FEA18

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.09 ohm

.25 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

Rectangular

TR, PUNCHED PAPER, 7 INCH

0805

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn)

.406 mm

.15 V

ANTI-SULFUR

2.03 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

1.27 mm

WSK06125L000FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.005 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

0612

4

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

-150,0

Matte Tin (Sn)

.381 mm

.0708 V

ANTI-SULFUR

1.5 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.05 mm

ERJM1WSF16MU

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.016 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

TAPE, EMBOSSED

2512

2

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

HIGH PRECISION

e3

TL3AR02FTDG

TE Connectivity

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.02 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL FOIL

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Chip

TR

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

Fixed Resistors

6.4mm x 3.2mm x .6mm

-65 Cel

75

.6 mm

6.4 mm

3.2 mm

WSL20102L500FTA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0025 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

275

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0354 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL20106L600FTA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0066 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

110

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

.635 mm

.0574 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e0

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL20106L800FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.0068 ohm

.5 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2010

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

110

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.0583 V

ANTI-SULFUR

5.08 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.54 mm

WSL2512R0100FEK

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.01 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

BULK

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.1 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL2512R0800FEK

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.08 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

BULK

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.2828 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL2512R0830FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.083 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.2881 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL2512R0830FEK

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.083 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

BULK

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.2881 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL2512R0850FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.085 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.2915 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

WSL2512R0860FEA

Vishay Intertechnology

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.086 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, EMBOSSED PLASTIC, 7 INCH

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.635 mm

.2933 V

ANTI-SULFUR

6.35 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

3.18 mm

ERJM1WSF15MU

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.015 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

100

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJM1WSF3M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.003 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

350

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJM1WSF4M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.004 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

350

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJM1WSF5M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.005 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

100

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJM1WSF6M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.006 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

100

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJM1WSJ5M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.005 ohm

1 W

170 Cel

5 %

70 Cel

METAL STRIP

RECTANGULAR PACKAGE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

2512

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-55 Cel

100

Matte Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.8 mm

HIGH PRECISION

6.4 mm

e3

3.2 mm

ERJMB1SF1M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.001 ohm

2 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL PLATE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

1020

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.9 mm

5 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.55 mm

ERJMB1SF2M0U

Panasonic

FIXED RESISTOR

SURFACE MOUNT

.002 ohm

2 W

170 Cel

1 %

70 Cel

METAL PLATE

Rectangular

TR, Embossed, 7 Inch

1020

2

SMT

WRAPAROUND

-65 Cel

75

Tin (Sn) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

.9 mm

5 mm

e3

AEC-Q200

2.55 mm

Fixed Resistors

Fixed resistors are passive electronic components that are used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit. They have a fixed value of resistance, meaning their resistance cannot be adjusted once they are manufactured. They are commonly used to set the bias of transistors, control the gain of amplifiers, or limit the current flowing through an LED. Fixed resistors come in various sizes, power ratings, and tolerances.

There are two types of fixed resistors: through-hole and surface mount. Through-hole resistors have leads that are inserted into holes on the printed circuit board (PCB), while surface mount resistors have terminals that are soldered directly to the surface of the PCB. Through-hole resistors are larger and easier to work with, but surface mount resistors are smaller and more suitable for miniaturized electronic devices.

Fixed resistors can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and wire-wound. Carbon resistors are inexpensive and widely used, but they have a lower tolerance and are more susceptible to noise than other types. Metal film resistors have a higher tolerance and better stability, making them ideal for use in precision circuits. Wire-wound resistors have a higher power rating and are used in high power applications, such as power supplies and amplifiers.