8 Temperature Sensors 159

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Part RoHS Manufacturer Sensors or Transducers Type Mounting Feature No. of Terminals Output Type Package Shape or Style Package Body Material Maximum Supply Voltage Technology Screening Level No. of Bits Maximum Accuracy (Cel) Body Length/Diameter Body Width Power Supplies (V) Resistance Package Equivalence Code Sub-Category Body Height Minimum Supply Voltage Maximum Operating Temperature Minimum Responsivity Minimum Output Voltage Resistance Tolerance Minimum Operating Temperature Temperature Coef (ppm/Cel) Terminal Finish Maximum Output Voltage Termination Type Output Interface Type Nominal R0 Maximum Operating Current Linearity (Cel) Nominal Output Current Additional Features Housing JESD-609 Code

MCP98243T-BE/MNYAB

Microchip Technology

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

11

2

3 mm

2 inch

3/5

SOLCC8,.11,20

Other Sensors

.75 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

.4 V

-20 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.5 mA

e4

CAT6095VP2GT4

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.63 V

CMOS

12

3 mm

2 inch

3.3

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.75 mm

2.97 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.2 mA

e4

TMP006AIYZFR

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

16

1.53 mm

1.53 inch

3.3

BGA8,3X3,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.625 mm

2.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.24 mA

e1

TMP006AIYZFT

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

16

1.53 mm

1.53 inch

3.3

BGA8,3X3,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.625 mm

2.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.24 mA

e1

CAT34TS02VP2-GT4B

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.63 V

CMOS

12

3 mm

2 inch

3.3

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.75 mm

2.97 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.5 mA

e4

NCT72CMNR2G

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

3.6 V

8

2.5

3 mm

3 inch

SOLCC8,.11,20

.875 mm

2.8 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NEGATIVE

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.35 mA

NCT72DMTR2G

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

3.6 V

8

2.5

2 mm

2 inch

SOLCC8,.08,20

.725 mm

2.8 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

NEGATIVE

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.35 mA

TMP006BIYZFR

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

UNSPECIFIED

5.5 V

16

1.53 mm

1.53 inch

3.3

BGA8,3X3,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.625 mm

2.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.24 mA

IT HAS HYSTERESIS 100 MV

e1

TMP006BIYZFT

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

UNSPECIFIED

5.5 V

16

1.53 mm

1.53 inch

3.3

BGA8,3X3,20

Other Sensors/Transducers

.625 mm

2.5 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.24 mA

IT HAS HYSTERESIS 100 MV

e1

LM90CIMMX/NOPB

Texas Instruments

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

8

4

3 mm

3 inch

3.3

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.1 mm

3 V

85 Cel

0 Cel

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

MATTE TIN

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1.7 mA

PLASTIC

e3

LM75BGD,125

NXP Semiconductors

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

11

3

3 mm

2 inch

3/5

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors

.5 mm

2.8 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

.3 mA

PLASTIC

e4

HIH6130-000-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3.3

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

2.055 mm

2.3 V

85 Cel

-25 Cel

SOLDER

SPI INTERFACE

1 mA

CAT34TS04HU4GT4A

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

CMOS

12

3 mm

2 inch

2.5/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

.5 mm

2.2 V

125 Cel

-20 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e4

CAT34TS04VP2GT4A

Onsemi

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

CMOS

12

3 mm

2 inch

2.5/3.3

SOLCC8,.11,20

.75 mm

2.2 V

125 Cel

-20 Cel

NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e4

HIH6030-000-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

HIH6030-000-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

HIH6030-021-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

HIH6031-000-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

HIH6031-000-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

HIH6031-021-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

HIH8130-000-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

PLASTIC

HIH8130-000-001

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

PLASTIC

HIH8131-000-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

SPI

1 mA

PLASTIC

HIH8131-021-001S

Honeywell Sensing And Control

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

14

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.24

1.905 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

PLASTIC

SHT10

Sensirion Ag

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

14

7.47 mm

4.93 inch

5

SOLCC8,.3

Other Sensors

2.5 mm

2.4 V

105 Cel

-40 Cel

Gold (Au) - with Nickel (Ni) barrier

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e4

SHT11

Sensirion Ag

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

14

7.47 mm

4.93 inch

5

SOLCC8,.3

Other Sensors

2.5 mm

2.4 V

105 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

e4

SHT15

Sensirion Ag

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

14

7.47 mm

4.93 inch

5

SOLCC8,.3

Other Sensors

2.5 mm

2.4 V

105 Cel

-40 Cel

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

1 mA

TMP17FS

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,RESISTANCE BASED

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

30 V

2.50

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

4/30

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4 V

105 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

0.50

298.2 uA

PLASTIC

e0

TMP17GS

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,RESISTANCE BASED

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

30 V

3.50

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

4/30

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4 V

105 Cel

-40 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

0.50

298.2 uA

PLASTIC

e0

TMP01FJ

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

ROUND

METAL

13.2 V

HYBRID

5

8.955 mm

5/12

CAN8,.23

Other Sensors/Transducers

4.445 mm

4.5 V

85 Cel

2.48 V

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)

2.52 V

SOLDER

.8 mA

TTL COMPATIBLE, CMOS COMPATIBLE

METAL

e0

TMP01EP

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

13.2 V

HYBRID

3

9.88 mm

6.6 inch

5/12

DIP8,.3

Other Sensors

5.33 mm

4.5 V

85 Cel

2.49 V

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

2.5 V

SOLDER

.8 mA

TTL COMPATIBLE, CMOS COMPATIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

TMP01FP

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

THROUGH HOLE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

13.2 V

HYBRID

5

9.27 mm

7.87 inch

5/12

DIP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

5.33 mm

4.5 V

85 Cel

2.48 V

-40 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

2.51 V

SOLDER

.8 mA

TTL COMPATIBLE, CMOS COMPATIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

TMP01ES

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

13.2 V

HYBRID

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

5/12

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.55 mm

4.5 V

85 Cel

2.49 V

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

2.51 V

SOLDER

.8 mA

TTL COMPATIBLE, CMOS COMPATIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

TMP03FS

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 V

12

1.50

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4.5 V

100 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

1-WIRE INTERFACE

1.3 mA

CMOS COMPATIBLE, TTL COMPATIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

AD22105AR-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SINGLE TRIP POINT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 V

BIPOLAR

2

4.9 mm

6 inch

2.7/7

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.72 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

.09 mA

PLASTIC

e0

AD22105AR

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SINGLE TRIP POINT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

7 V

BIPOLAR

2

4.9 mm

6 inch

2.7/7

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.72 mm

2.7 V

150 Cel

-40 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

.09 mA

PLASTIC

e0

STTS2002B2DN3F

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

3.6 V

12

3

3 mm

2 inch

2.5/3.3

SOLCC8,.12,20

Other Sensors

.75 mm

2.3 V

125 Cel

-40 Cel

Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)

SOLDER

2-WIRE INTERFACE

2 mA

e4

AD22100KR

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

6.5 V

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4 V

100 Cel

1.37 V

0 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

3.62 V

SOLDER

PLASTIC

e0

AD22100SR

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

6.5 V

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4 V

150 Cel

.25 V

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

4.75 V

SOLDER

PLASTIC

e0

LM235D

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

125 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

LM335AD

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

100 Cel

2.95 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.01 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1.5

PLASTIC

e3

LM335D

STMicroelectronics

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

BIPOLAR

1

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

SOP8,.3

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.75 mm

100 Cel

2.92 V

-40 Cel

Matte Tin (Sn)

3.04 V

SOLDER

5 mA

1

PLASTIC

e3

TMP36FS

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BIPOLAR

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.55 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

.1 V

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

2 V

SOLDER

.05 mA

0.5

PLASTIC

e0

AD7814ARM

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

CMOS

10

3.50

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

SSOP8,.19

Other Sensors/Transducers

.95 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

SOLDER

4-WIRE INTERFACE

.4 mA

PLASTIC

e0

AD22100SR-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

6.5 V

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

4 V

150 Cel

.25 V

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

4.75 V

SOLDER

PLASTIC

e0

AD7416AR-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

10

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors

1.55 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

5V OPERATION IS ALSO POSSIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

AD7416ARM-REEL7

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL

SURFACE MOUNT

8

SQUARE

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

10

3

3 mm

3 inch

3/5

TSSOP8,.19

Other Sensors

1.01 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

-55 Cel

TIN LEAD

SOLDER

I2C INTERFACE

1 mA

5V OPERATION IS ALSO POSSIBLE

PLASTIC

e0

TMP36FS-REEL

Analog Devices

TEMPERATURE SENSOR,ANALOG,VOLTAGE OUTPUT

SURFACE MOUNT

8

RECTANGULAR

PLASTIC/EPOXY

5.5 V

BIPOLAR

3

4.9 mm

3.9 inch

3/5

SOP8,.25

Other Sensors/Transducers

1.55 mm

2.7 V

125 Cel

.1 V

-55 Cel

POSITIVE

TIN LEAD

2 V

SOLDER

.05 mA

0.5

PLASTIC

e0

Temperature Sensors

Temperature sensors are electronic devices that are used to measure the temperature of a system or environment. They are widely used in a variety of applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics.

Temperature sensors work based on the principle of converting temperature into an electrical signal. This can be achieved using different sensing technologies, including thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, and infrared sensors.

Thermocouples generate a voltage signal in response to temperature changes, while RTDs and thermistors change their resistance as the temperature changes. Infrared sensors measure the thermal radiation emitted by objects and use it to calculate the temperature.

Temperature sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including monitoring temperature in industrial processes, automotive engines, and medical devices. They are also used for temperature control in HVAC systems, refrigeration systems, and cooking appliances.