HVQCCN Other Function Telecom Interface ICs 328

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Part	Manufacturer	Telecom IC Type	Temperature Grade	Terminal Form	No. of Terminals	Package Code	Package Shape	Package Body Material	Surface Mount	No. of Functions	No. of Channels	Technology	Nominal Negative Supply Voltage	Maximum Supply Current	Nominal Supply Voltage	Power Supplies (V)	Package Style (Meter)	Package Equivalence Code	Sub-Category	Terminal Pitch	Maximum Operating Temperature	Minimum Operating Temperature	Terminal Finish	Terminal Position	Data Rate	JESD-30 Code	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Maximum Seated Height	Width	Qualification	JESD-609 Code	Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s)	Peak Reflow Temperature (C)	Length
STA5630ATR	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			1.8 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N32		1 mm	5 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5 mm
STA5630TR	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			1.8 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	Silver (Ag)	QUAD		S-XQCC-N32	3	1 mm	5 mm		e4	30	260	5 mm
MGC3130-I/MQ	Microchip Technology	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	28	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-PQCC-N28		1 mm	5 mm		e3			5 mm
CC2541SRHAR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	40	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N40	3	1 mm	6 mm		e4	30	260	6 mm
CC2541SRHAT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	40	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N40	3	1 mm	6 mm		e4	30	260	6 mm
CC2560ARVMT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	76	HVQCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	4 Mbps	R-PQCC-N76	3	.9 mm	7.73 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
CC2564RVMT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	76	HVQCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		R-PQCC-N76	3	.9 mm	7.73 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
LM96551SQ/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	80	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1							CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N80	3	.8 mm	12 mm			30	260	12 mm
LM96551SQE/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	80	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1							CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N80	3	.8 mm	12 mm		e3	30	260	12 mm
LM96551SQX/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	80	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1							CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N80	3	.8 mm	12 mm			30	260	12 mm
LM96550SQX/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	COMMERCIAL	NO LEAD	80	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS	-10 V		10 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	70 Cel	0 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N80	3	.8 mm	12 mm		e3	30	260	12 mm
CC1121RHBT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V	3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC32,.2SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER	QUAD	.2 Mbps	S-PQCC-N32	3	1 mm	5 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	5 mm
DS100BR111ASQ/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	2				2.5 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	10300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N24	3	.8 mm	4 mm		e3	30	260	4 mm
DS100BR111ASQE/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	2				2.5 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	10300 Mbps	S-PQCC-N24	3	.8 mm	4 mm		e3	30	260	4 mm
AD6677BCPZRL7	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1				.163 mA	1.8 V	1.8	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC32,.2SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N32	3	.8 mm	5 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	5 mm
CC2564NSRVMR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	40	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-PQCC-N40	3	.9 mm	8 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
PGA5807RGCR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm	9 mm		e4	30	260	9 mm
PGA5807RGCT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm	9 mm		e4	30	260	9 mm
LMX5251SQX/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS		.078 mA	3.3 V	3/3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC48,.28SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N48	3	.8 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	7 mm
LMX5252LQX/NOPB	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	36	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS		.055 mA	2.75 V	2.75	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC36,.25SQ,20	Other Telecom ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N36	3	.8 mm	6 mm	Not Qualified	e3	30	260	6 mm
BQ500212ARGZT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	110 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N48	3	1 mm	7 mm		e4	30	260	7 mm
HPA02286ARLL	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	OTHER	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	0 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N24	2	1 mm	3 mm		e4	30	260	3 mm
ADN2915ACPZ	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS		.3774 mA	3.3 V	1.2,1.8/3.3,3.3	CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE	LCC24,.16SQ,20	ATM/SONET/SDH ICs	.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N24	3	1 mm	4 mm	Not Qualified	e3			4 mm
BLUENRGQTR	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N32		1 mm	5 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	5 mm
SST12LF02-QXCE	Microchip Technology	TELECOM CIRCUIT	OTHER	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-20 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N16		.5 mm	3 mm		e3			3 mm
STS1TXQTR	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	20	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N20		1 mm	4 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	4 mm
CC2538NF11RTQT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12 Mbps	S-PQCC-N56	3	1 mm	8 mm		e4	30	260	8 mm
CC2538NF23RTQT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12 Mbps	S-PQCC-N56	3	1 mm	8 mm		e4	30	260	8 mm
CC2538NF53RTQT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12 Mbps	S-PQCC-N56	3	1 mm	8 mm		e4	30	260	8 mm
CC2538SF23RTQT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	AUTOMOTIVE	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	125 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD	12 Mbps	S-PQCC-N56	3	1 mm	8 mm		e4	30	260	8 mm
CC2560BRVMR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	76	HVQCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD	4 Mbps	R-PQCC-N76	3	.9 mm	7.73 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
CC2560BRVMT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	76	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-PQCC-N76	3	.9 mm	8 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
CC2564BRVMT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	76	HVQCCN	RECTANGULAR	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.6 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.6 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		R-PQCC-N76	3	.9 mm	7.73 mm		e3	30	260	8 mm
PGA5807ARGCR	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm	9 mm		e4	30	260	9 mm
PGA5807ARGCT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	64	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N64	3	1 mm	9 mm		e4	30	260	9 mm
BGS15AN16E6327XTSA1	Infineon Technologies	TELECOM CIRCUIT	OTHER	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1					3.5 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-30 Cel	TIN	QUAD		S-PQCC-N16	1	.77 mm	2.3 mm		e3			2.3 mm
ADRF6820ACPZ-R7	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	40	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N40		.8 mm	6 mm			NOT SPECIFIED	NOT SPECIFIED	6 mm
PHY2078QT-BR	Maxim Integrated	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	32	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	95 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N32	1	.8 mm	5 mm		e3	30	260	5 mm
CC2595RGTT	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	16	HVQCCN	SQUARE	PLASTIC/EPOXY	YES	1	1				3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-PQCC-N16	2	1 mm	3 mm		e4	30	260	3 mm
ADL5354ACPZ-R2	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	36	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		BICMOS			5 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N36	1	1 mm	6 mm	Not Qualified	e3			6 mm
CC2430F64RTCRG3	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-XQCC-N48	3	.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	7 mm
CC2430ZF128RTCG3	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-XQCC-N48	3	.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	7 mm
CC2430ZF128RTCRG3	Texas Instruments	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD	QUAD		S-XQCC-N48	3	.9 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified	e4	30	260	7 mm
CMX992Q3	Cml Microcircuits	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	48	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel		QUAD		S-XQCC-N48		1 mm	7 mm	Not Qualified				7 mm
ADN2917ACPZ-RL7	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N24	3	1 mm	4 mm		e3		260	4 mm
ADN2917ACPZ	Analog Devices	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	24	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1					3.3 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.5 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N24	3	1 mm	4 mm		e3			4 mm
STA8088GATR	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			1.2 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.4 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N56	3	.9 mm	7 mm		e3	40	260	7 mm
STA8088GA	STMicroelectronics	TELECOM CIRCUIT	INDUSTRIAL	NO LEAD	56	HVQCCN	SQUARE	UNSPECIFIED	YES	1		CMOS			1.2 V		CHIP CARRIER, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE			.4 mm	85 Cel	-40 Cel	MATTE TIN	QUAD		S-XQCC-N56	3	.9 mm	7 mm		e3	40	260	7 mm

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs

Other Function Telecom Interface ICs are electronic components used in telecommunications systems to provide specialized functionality beyond basic data transmission. These ICs are designed to perform a range of functions such as signal processing, protocol conversion, and power management. They are used in a wide range of telecommunications applications, including wired and wireless communication systems, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) systems, and telephone networks.

Some common types of Other Function Telecom Interface ICs include:

1. Codec ICs: These ICs are used to encode and decode audio signals for high-quality voice communication over telecommunication networks. They provide a range of features such as noise reduction, echo cancellation, and voice activation.

2. Power management ICs: These ICs are used to manage the power supply and battery life of telecommunication devices. They regulate voltage and current to ensure efficient operation and prevent damage to the device.

3. Signal conditioning ICs: These ICs are used to enhance the quality of signals transmitted over telecommunication networks. They can filter out noise and interference, amplify signals, and correct distortions in the signal.

4. Switching ICs: These ICs are used to switch between different communication channels and protocols, enabling communication between different devices and networks.